Intransitivity

Intransitive verbs are monovalent. For the archetypal intransitives, the verbal patient is the subject.

Adjectival Verbs

These verbs allow the speaker to describe an attribute of the subject.

The actor who imparts such an attribute is put in the ablative case.

The experiencer who perceives such an attribute is put in the dative case.

Chromatic Verbs

These are adjectival verbs specifically dealing with colour.

Kinetic Verbs

These verbs deal with motion of the subject. The origin of the movement is in ablative case, the destination in dative, and the general direction is marked with the adposition pa.

Quasi-Transitive Verbs

These are intransitive verbs in that they do not require a noun phrase in the object position. However, they act transitively by having a second noun phrase marked in a particular way.

Oblique Arguments

These are marked with an oblique case marker:

The usual case assignment for objects of each of these verbs is shown here:

Comparatives

These verbs are used to denote the degree of similarity between two nouns. Their nuance can be modified by use of different case markers or adpositions.

Case denotes unmarked similarity or difference, dative for the former, ablative for the latter.

The adposition haru hw with denotes a slight similarity or difference.

The adpositions ’adi aD near and xidu XE far denote a large similarity or difference.

Symmetric Relations

The participants of these verbs are equivalent to each other, that is, if Alice acts on Bob, then Bob acts on Alice in the same way. When the subject is Alice, say, then Bob can:

1. Be placed in the object position. Despite the structure, this is not transitive, as the verb has no passive, and pronouns use the intransitive form:

2. Take dative marking:

3. Be conjoined with the subject:

The basic meaning of these sentences is not changed when swapping the participants or using the alternate structures.