Adverbs

A closed subset of nouns can have an adverbial function. These adverbs can be used either as a verbal suffix or independently to describe the entire utterance. See Also: Adverbial Clauses

matta まった also

gicirri ぎちっり instead

naku なく together

basa ばさ unlawfully

Purpose

piddi ぴっで on purpose

qiriji ねりじ with effort

hibu ひぶ allow oneself to

dumi どみ try to

danna だっな successfully

xaka ざか fail to

ca’alla やあっわ must

fuca ふや can

ritada りただ by fate

macu まゆ unexpectedly

xani ざに unwillingly

dukku どっく not by choice

Extent

dapi だぴ more than is necessary

famu へむ completely

rali らえ intensely

kupira くぴら in many different ways

ti’ici ていち to a certain extent

cipati ちぱて to that extent

tuci とち barely

xibbuti しっぶて never again

Time

xuga ずが instantly

cidatu ちだと suddenly

karu かる commonly

gaqqu がっも usually

naru なる slowly

nigi にぎ quickly

dura どら repeatedly

Modals

These adverbs cannot be used as verbal suffixes, and can only describe an entire sentence.

matta まった again

hiru ひる contrariwise

Probability

These tell how likely an event is to have occurred, or to occur in the future.

’ili いえ actually

da’aru だある experience

fa  maybe

tasi たせ probably

qaxa げざ predicted to

mica みや permitted to

nufira ぬべら want to

rixi りし would be better to

Evidence

These give the means by which the speaker gained information with regards to their utterance.

raqa らげ obviously

da  clearly

jami ぢみ evidentially

qaffi げっべ seemingly

jati ぢて apparently

xakila ざきわ thought to be

lisina えせな by assumption

rafa らへ by hearsay

Emotion

These convey the feelings of the speaker towards the utterance or the listener.

pu’i ぷい incredulity (“I can’t believe it!”)

rapi らぴ disregard (“I don’t care!”)

tappa たっぱ seeking confirmation (“Isn’t it?”)

rani らに giving confirmation (“I agree.”)

qarihu げりほ regret (“I’m sorry.”)

tupi とぴ respect (“With all due respect…”)

Occasion

miru みる now

musa むさ today

laru わる this year

xima しま in the morning

tariti たりて at noon

batari ばたり in the afternoon

dumi どみ at night

hami はみ at midnight

Numbers can be suffixed to denote other times.

musahha

むさっは

musa-hha

day-zero

lit: “0-day”

“yesterday”

musara

むさら

musa-ra

day-two

lit: “2-day”

“tomorrow”

larumullu

わるむっを

laru-mullu

year-minus_one

lit.: “1-year”

“two years ago”