Adverbs

A closed subset of nouns can have an adverbial function. These adverbs can be used either as a verbal suffix or independently to describe the entire utterance. See Also: Adverbial Clauses

    • matta まった also
    • gicirri ぎちっり instead
    • naku なく together
    • basa ばさ unlawfully

Purpose

    • piddi ぴっで on purpose
    • qiriji ねりじ with effort
    • bata ばた carefully
    • hibu ひぶ allow oneself to
    • dumi どみ try to
    • danna だっな successfully
    • xaka ざか fail to
    • ca’alla やあっわ must
    • fuca ふや can
    • ritada りただ by fate
    • macu まゆ unexpectedly
    • xani ざに unwillingly
    • dukku どっく not by choice

Extent

    • dapi だぴ more than is necessary
    • famu へむ completely
    • rali らえ intensely
    • kupira くぴら in many different ways
    • ti’ici ていち to a certain extent
    • cikahi ちかひ to that extent
    • tuci とち barely
    • xibbuti しっぶて never again

Time

    • xuga ずが instantly
    • cidatu ちだと suddenly
    • karu かる commonly
    • gaqqu がっも usually
    • naru なる slowly
    • nigi にぎ quickly
    • dura どら repeatedly

Modals

These adverbs cannot be used as verbal suffixes, and can only describe an entire sentence.

    • matta まった again
    • hiru ひる contrariwise

Probability

These tell how likely an event is to have occurred, or to occur in the future.

    • ’ili いえ actually
    • da’aru だある experience
    • fa へ maybe
    • tasi たせ probably
    • qaxa げざ predicted to
    • mica みや permitted to
    • nufira ぬべら want to
    • rixi りし would be better to

Evidence

These give the means by which the speaker gained information with regards to their utterance.

    • raqa らげ obviously
    • da だ clearly
    • jami ぢみ evidentially
    • qaffi げっべ seemingly
    • jati ぢて apparently
    • xakila ざきわ thought to be
    • lisina えせな by assumption
    • rafa らへ by hearsay

Emotion

These convey the feelings of the speaker towards the utterance or the listener.

    • pu’i ぷい incredulity (“I can’t believe it!”)
    • rapi らぴ disregard (“I don’t care!”)
    • tappa たっぱ seeking confirmation (“Isn’t it?”)
    • rani らに giving confirmation (“I agree.”)
    • qarihu げりほ regret (“I’m sorry.”)
    • tupi とぴ respect (“With all due respect…”)

Occasion

    • miru みる now
    • musa むさ today
    • laru わる this year
    • xima しま in the morning
    • tariti たりて at noon
    • batari ばたり in the afternoon
    • dumi どみ at night
    • hami はみ at midnight

Numbers can be suffixed to denote other times.

    • musahha
    • むさっは
    • musa⁠-hha
    • day-zero
    • lit: “0-day”
    • “yesterday”
      • musara
    • むさら
    • musa⁠-ra
    • day-two
    • lit: “2-day”
    • “tomorrow”
      • larumu
    • わるむ
    • laru-mu
    • year-minus_one
    • lit.: “1-year”
    • “two years ago”