Prelude

This comes from an early draft of The Coelacanth Quartet – 夏 The Crackled Egg.

AllEnglishTinellbianTransliteration

Disinnamuka

DS;nUk

disinnamuka

prologue

That which is above the story

Prelude

Kurila cani pamilami matta naru, ’ala qira’a-ta-qa ni-gup·-pi jagaru pamana.

.$Rl / cN / pMlM / m;t / nw , al / Qratq / N%PP / jgw / pmn .

Kurila cani pamilami matta naru, ’ala qira-’a-ta-qa ni-gupi-pi jagaru pamana.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔːlə/ prs;dynpresent dynamic be_conscious again slowly, heat rough-nmnnominaliser-and-gengenitive in-sit-pst;stapast stative sand realise.

Qōla is becoming slowly conscious again, realising the heat and roughness of the sand in which (she) is sitting.

Corla came back to consciousness slowly, the heat and the coarseness of the sand on which she sat penetrating her mind.

Cani maditiba bataniqqi.

.cN / mDTb / btN;Q .

cani maditiba bata.

prs;dynpresent dynamic stand carefully.

(She) stands up carefully.

She gingerly stood up.

Kanura ra’u kal·li ni-cur·-ru gupikarafi pi bi’u.

.kIr / ru / kWL / Nyrw / %PkrF / P / Bu.

kanu -ra ra’u kal·li ni-cura -ru gupi-karafi pi bi’u.

Leg-pair prs;stapresent stative ablablative-comcomplementiser in-time_passes-psvpassive-gergerund sit-enlightenment pst;stapast stative hurt.

(Her) legs are hurting because of sitting enlightened while time passed.

Her legs ached from holding the meditative pose for so long.

Kifiqa qixa turubasillu, xitaqa lanu turubasillu, ’adi-tihutuja, cani pa.

.KFq / Qx / ewbS;W , Xtq / lI / ewbS;W , aDTVej , cN / p.

kifi -qa qixa turubasi -illu, xita -qa lanu turubasi -illu, ’adi-tihutuja, cani pa.

Three-nmnnominaliser pst;dynpast dynamic cover-psvpassive, one-nmnnominaliser fut;dynfuture dynamic cover-psvpassive, near-home, prs;dynpresent dynamic think.

Three of them have been covered over, one of them will be covered over, (I’m) near the living place, (she) thought.

Three down, one to go, she thought to herself.

Haru-’usi dattusa-qa Tinalli, li ’usi marila canari ku-’ahati mici-ta dissuka ’usu.

.hwuS / d;esq / Tn;L , L / uS / mRl / cnR / $ahT / MCt / D;zk / uz.

haru-’usi dattusa-qa Tinalli, li ’usu marila canari ku-’ahati mici-ta dissu -ka ’usu.

With-six god-gengenitive Tinellb, com 1int do_this prs;dynpresent dynamic<trmterminative> datdative-happiness peace-and feel 1intfirst person intransitive.

With the six gods of Tinellb, me finishing doing this will make me feel happiness and peace.

By the six gods of Tinellb, I’ll be glad to finish this and have some peace.

Kika-fasa dissu kal·li kal·-lu’ipu’a nura dukku na kixina hibu.

.Kkfs / D;z / kWL / kWWioa / Ir / E;$ / n / KXn.

kika-fasa dissu kal·li kalu-lu’i -pu’a nura dukku na kixina hibu.

over-moment feel grief allow_oneself; ablablative-comcomplementiser ablablative-love-nmnnominaliser separate must prs;itr grief.

(She) allows herself for a moment to feel grief from (the fact that she) must repeatedly be separated from (her) lover.

She allowed herself to feel grief for a moment, grief at being continually separated from her beloved.

Ku·li ’amilaru piba kuppu xiku racaxa disi ’usaju’illuru lanu qapi ru palinu qixa, surra maditiba, cani pajagaru milami.

.$L / aMlw / Pb / >;o / X> / rcx / DS / usYi;Ww / lI / qP / w / pLI / Qx , z;r / mDTb , cN / pjgw / MlM.

ku·li ’amila -ru piba kuppu xiku raca -xa disi ’usaju’i -illu -ru lanu qapi ru palinu qixa, surra maditiba, cani pajagaru milami.

datdative-comcomplementiser do_something-gergerund most strong relrelativiser hang-dtvdative promotion 3ani;genanimate third person genitive find-psvpassive-gergerund fut;dynfuture dynamic rope prs;gnopresent gnomic realise pst;dynpast dynamic, because stand_up, prs;dynpresent dynamic assess surroundings.

Because (she) realises (the fact that) doing something is the strongest rope to hang his finding on, (she) stands up, (she) assesses her surroundings.

Realising that activity was the surest way to finding him again, she stood up to take stock of her situation.

Bufi-qa daru ra’u qa-paccafuni haru-jagaru nacca gupikunaqi jamicussi.

.OFq / dw / ru / qp;cvN / hwjgw / n;c / %P$nQ / jMy;S .

bufi-qa daru ra’u qa-pacca-funi haru-jagaru nacca gupi-kunaqi jami-cussi.

stone-gengenitive road prs;stapresent stative down-number-without with-sand covering sit-dirt evidentially-touch.

A road of stone seems to be sitting on the ground under the covering with numberless sand.

Underneath the thin layer of sand, she could feel paving stones.

Hulu’a-nisa ji bi-gusuli qu, ruba-qa gusuli ra’u xidu dissillu.

.VWaNs / J / B%zL / A , wbq / <zL / ru / XE / D;S;W.

hulu -’a -nisa ji bi-gusuli qu ruba-qa gusuli ra’u xidu dissu -illu.

hear-nmnnominaliser-only prs;negpresent negative from-people and, sense_image-gengenitive people prs;stapresent stative far_away feel-psvpassive.

The only things which are heard are not from people, and the sense of people felt far away.

Only natural sounds could be heard, and the sense of human life was far distant.

Daru tasi jami.

.dw / tS / jM .

daru tasi jami.

Road probably evidentially.

It seems to probably be a road.

A road perhaps.

Ji rika, nufira ru.

.J / Rk , IFr / w .

ji rika, nufira ru.

prs;negpresent negative condition, hope prs;gnopresent gnomic.

It is not this condition, (I) hope it is.

At least, I hope so.

ʔalamusa ra’u kalu-pa’aka-gi cussixa.

.alUs / ru / kWpakG / y;Sx .

’ala-musa ra’u kalu-pa’aka-gi cussi -xa.

Heat-sun prs;stapresent stative ablablative-shoulder-left feel-dtvdative promotion.

Sunheat is felt from over (her) left shoulder.

The sun could be felt over her left shoulder.

Musa gabasilluru, nuki ’usixaru ra’u?

.Us / gbS;Ww , IK / uSsw / ru .

musa ga-basi -illu -ru, nuki ’usi -xa -ru ra’u?

Sun put-covering-psvpassive-gergerund, or see-dtvdative promotion-gergerund prs;stapresent stative?

The covering over of the sun, or is it the showing?

Is it sunrise or sunset?

ʔusu gibi sumika-sija nakalu ra’u?

.uz / GB / zMkSj / nkW / ru.

’usu gibi sumika -sija na-kalu ra’u?

1intfirst person intransitive east west-or point-body prs;stapresent stative?

Am I pointing my body to the east or to the west?

Am I facing east or west?

Piba kuppu-ra’u ruba-qa ciʔa du’i-kalu-musa.

.Pb / $;oru / wbq / C;a / EikWUs .

piba kuppu-ra’u ruba-qa ciʔa du’i-kalu-musa.

Most strong-prs;stapresent stative sense_image-gengenitive life opposite-ablablative-sun.

The strongest sense of life (is) from the other side of the sun.

The strongest sense of life was opposite the sun.

Ji li kika-mi ru cikki, gi’a li cu’i kalu-gupinuru sa’ibassilu ji palinu.

.J / L / KkM / w / C;K , Ga / L / yi / kW%PIw / sib;SW / J / pLI.

ji li kika-mi ru cikki, gi’a li cu’i kalu-gupi-nu-ru sa’i-bassa -ilu ji pa-linu.

prs;negpresent negative comcomplementiser interval-some prs;gnopresent gnomic telepath, and comcomplementiser nothing ablablative-sit-stop-gergerund fix-situation-psvpassive prs;negpresent negative think-realisation.

(She) doesn’t sense over what distance it is, and realises that nothing isn’t fixed from sitting still.

She couldn’t tell how far, but she realised that nothing was going to be solved by sitting still.

Tuhinuhulu nin·-niga kibba-su’a, qu canisi jannibittaru bataniqqi.

.eHIVW / NnNg / K;bza , A / cNS / j;Nb;tw / btN;Q.

tuhinuhu -ulu nina-niga kibba-su’a, qu cani -si jannibitta-ru bata -niqqi.

fold_up-undo for-guide stick-self, and prs;dynpresent dynamic-incinceptive move-time-gergerund care-qal.

(She) unfolds her own guide stick, and with care starts the time-travel.

She unfolded her cane and carefully began following the roadway away from the sun.

Kassula musaqapi!

.k;zl / UsqP .

kassu-la musa-qapi!

Buy-do day-chain!

Chain of days for the buying!

Market week!

ʔiluqa Turassi xisa’i.

.iWq / er;S / Xsi .

’ilu-qa Turassi xi-sa’i.

Heart-gengenitive KF:/tr̩ʃ/ seem-light.

The emotional body of Tŗsh projects light.

Toresh’s heart sang within her.

Rannaxi xiku ninali qa kunubitu’afu gi’assa lanu ra’u ga’i gi’a, pajiga nallimiqa sulata ninaxatiqa karra lisami’ulata purakassu.

.r;nX / X$ / NnL / q / >IBeav / Ga;s / lI / ru / gi / Ga , pJg / n;LMq / zlt / NnxTq / k;r / LsMult / ork;z .

ranna-xi xiku nina-li qa kunubi-tu’afu gi-’assa lanu ra’u ga’i gi’a, paji-ga nallimi-qa sula-ta nina-xati-qa karra lisa-mi’ula-ta pura-kassu.

Glory-showing relrelativiser for-comcomplementiser down datdative-land-plain carry-goods fut;dynfuture dynamic prs;stapresent stative time that_is, fruit-black cheese-gengenitive goat-and for-flour-gengenitive wheat paper-reed-and change-buy.

A glory-having time for the carrying down of goods down to the plain-lands, that is, trade blackfruit and the cheese of goats for wheat of flour and reedpaper.

That glorious time to take goods down to the flatlands, trading olives and goat cheese for wheat flour and papyrus.

Li ju’isatadu ximussaru gusutakki, qu kugusunulli kikaga’i nura nagi lati.

.L / YistE / XU;sw / %zt;K , A / $<zI;L / Kkgi / Ir / nG / lT .

li ju’i-satadu xi-mussa-ru gusu -takki, qu ku-gusu-nulli kika-ga’i nura nagi lati.

comcomplementiser join-conversation appear-exoticism-prs;gnopresent gnomic person-many and datdative-person-hill for-while separate fut;stafuture stative opportunity.

An opportunity for conversing with many exotic-seeming people and separate from the hillpeople for a while.

A chance to meet exotic people and get away from the hillfolk for a time.

Li xi’allaru sula hafinullitaqa ta’i puramilami jagarudacani quhhaqa ta’i lanuqa lati.

.L / Xa;lw / zl / hFI;Ltq / ti / orMlM / jgwdcN / A;hq / ti / lIq / lT.

li xi-’alla-ru sula hafi-nulli-ta-qa ta’i pura-milami jagaru-da-cani quhha-qa ta’i lanu-qa lati.

comcomplementiser appear-familiarity-prs;gnopresent gnomic goat grass-hill-and-gengenitive scent change-circumstance sand-water-having river-gengenitive scent fut;dynfuture dynamic-gengenitive opportunity.

An opportunity to change the circumstances from scents of familiar-seeming goats and hillgrass to those of watersand having rivers.

A chance to exchange the familiar smells of goat and heath for the scent of the silty river.

Ninali turukuffa ’ita’i’assa canari ca kitisu.

.NnL / ew$;f / itia;s / cnR / c / KTz.

nina-li turukuffa ’ita’i’assa cani<-ar-> ca kitisu.

3ani;traanimate third person transitive of-comcomplementiser fill wagon prs;dynpresent dynamic<trmterminative> help father.

(She) is finishing helping (her) father with stacking the wagon.

She finished helping her parents fill the wagon.

Taku nikamiriqa sula bili padissu kiluquru qixa ca, pada kikaxiku ’adi ni’adda ru laruluminisa bili qakunulli jannillu.

.t$ / NkMRq / zl / BL / pD;z / KWAw / Qx / c , pd / KkX> / aD / Na;d / w / lwWMNs / BL / q>I;L / j;NNk / n / sKMC;W.

taku ni-kamiri-qa sula bi-li pa-dissu kiluqu-ru qixa ca, pada kika-xiku ’adi ni-’adda ru laru -lumi -nisa bi-li qa-ku-nulli janni-nika na saki-mici -illu.

Pst;hab at-pen-gengenitive goat from-comcomplementiser think-new walk-gergerund pst;dynpast dynamic help, and_then over-relrelativiser near at-past prs;gnopresent gnomic year-several-only from-comcomplementiser down-datdative-hill move-travel prs;hab share-permission-psvpassive.

(She) repeatedly helped in the goat pen from the learning to walk, and was given permission to repeatedly travel down the hill only over the several recent years in the past.

She had helped in the goat pens since she learned to walk, but only been allowed to travel down the hills within the last few years.

Pi’adu cani du’ikaluhafitisaka kumallijakuqa tu rubasika.

.PaE / cN / EikWhFTsk / $m;Lj>q / e / wbSk .

Pi’adu cani du’i-kalu-hafi-tisaka ku-malliju -aku-qa tu cikki.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ prs;dynpresent dynamic opposite-ablablative-field-village datdative-joy-aug-gengenitive offspring sense_image-drv.

Piadû sensed the great joy of the offspring from the other side of the village-field.

Piado felt his daughter’s excitement from across the compound.

Kiladikka ’ilusu’a, gi’a kuTurassi ’inada ’ixxa’i.

.KlD;k / iWza , Ga / $er;S / ind / i;xi .

ki-ladi -kka ’ilu, gi’a ku-Turassi ’i-nada ’ixxa’i.

Big-spreading-abvablative promotion heart-self, and datdative-KF:/tr̩ʃ/ speak-emotional_plane pride.

(He) spread out his own emotional body, and empathically sent pride to Tŗsh.

He reached out with his own heart, sending the pride he felt for her.

Kutisakaqa hisubajana ’inara, kukitisusu’a matta, qu ma’iki kuli ’adiTurassi ’ita’·’assata cani jannikiluqu.

.$Tskq / Hzbjn / inr , >KTzza / m;t , A / miK / >L / aDer;S / itia;st / cN / j;NKWA.

ku-tisaka-qa hisu-ba-jana ’i-nara, ku-kitisu-su’a matta, qu ma’iki ku-li ’adi-Turassi ’ita’i-’assa-ta cani janni-kiluqu.

datdative-town-gengenitive rule-nmnnominaliser-elder say-goodbye, datdative-wife-self also, and across datdative-comcomplementiser near-KF:/tr̩ʃ/ car-goods-and prs;dynpresent dynamic move-walk.

(He) said goodbye to the elder-ruler of the town, and also his own wife, and walked across to the (he is) near Tŗsh and the goods-car.

He farewelled the village elder, and his own wife, and walked across to join Toresh and the wagon.

Sara cani kukipuqa rali sisa pada, ’ita’·’assa ra’usi janni.

.sr / cN / $Koq / rL / Ss / pd , itia;s / ruS / j;N .

sara cani ku-kipu-qa rali sisa pada, ’ita’i-’assa ra’u -si janni.

Rein prs;dynpresent dynamic datdative-horse-gengenitive back contact and_then, car-goods prs;stapresent stative-incinceptive move.

The reins were put in contact with the back of the horse, and then the goods-car started moving.

With a slight touch of the reins to the back of the draughtsbeast, the wagon started moving.

Pi’adu kikabijaju curriqa faluki janni’ita’ikka, jafa’akaqa quhha qanulli janni.

.PaE / KkBjY / y;Rq / fWK / j;Niti;k , jfakq / A;h / qI;L / j;N .

Pi’adu kika-bijju curri-qa faluki janni-’ita’i -kka, ja-fa’aka-qa quhha qa-nulli janni.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ over-first section-gengenitive journey move-car-abvablative promotion, along-gorge-gengenitive river down-hill move.

Piadû drove over the first part of the journey, (he) moved along the gorge of the river down the hill.

Piado was driving for the first leg of the journey, following the river gorge down the hills.

Quhha qa xidu ’usixa, pa ra’u nifa’idaqa laru suxudini kituci.

.A;h / q / XE / uSx , p / ru / Nfidq / lw / zZDN / KeC .

quhha qa xidu ’usi -xa, pa ra’u ni-fa’ida-qa laru su-xudi -ini ki-tuci.

River down far see-dtvdative promotion, 3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive prs;stapresent stative at-present-gengenitive year more-flow-dim big-half_do.

The river could be seen far down, it is kind of bigger than a small flow at the present part of the year.

The river could be seen far below, little more than a trickle at this time of year.

Qaliʔi mallijakuqa Turassi tuhi cani, haru lanu kalu’ita’iqa janni’issaru nara.

.qL;i / m;Lj$q / er;S / eH / cN , hw / lI / kWitiq / j;Ni;sw / nr .

qa-liʔi malliju -aku-qa Turassi tuhi cani, haru lanu kalu-’ita’i-qa janni-’issa-ru nara.

Down-beginning joy-aug-gengenitive KF:/tr̩ʃ/ small prs;dynpresent dynamic, as fut;dynfuture dynamic ablablative-car-gengenitive move-vibration-gergerund sleep.

As the big joy of Tŗsh from since the beginning became small, (she) will sleep because of the vibration of the car.

Toresh’s initial excitement faded as she was lulled into sleep by the gently rocking wagon.

Pi’adu qirisunarakka quhu dumi daru’i, li nirasi kalupamilamirudisi kissa’agudanna nubitu’afuri da’aru lanu pagi.

.PaE / QRznr;k / AV / EM / dwi , L / NrS / kWpMlMwDS / K;sa%d;n / IBeavR / daw / lI / pG.

Pi’adu qi-risu-nara -kka quhu dumi daru’i, li ni-rasi kalu-pa-milami-ru-disi kissa-’agu-danna naqi-tu’afu-ri da’aru lanu pagi.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ experience-want-sleep-abvablative promotion 3ani;traanimate third person transitive try because, comcomplementiser at-future ablablative-think-surroundings-gergerund-3ani;genanimate third person genitive fight-contest-succeed land-plain-nmnnominaliser experience fut;dynfuture dynamic think-hold.

Piadû tries to make her experience a want for sleep, because (he) knows that in the future her being conscious of her surroundings will have (them) succeed in contest with the people of the plains.

Piado encouraged her sleepiness because he knew he would need her awake if they were to best the flatlanders.

Cu’i ji nidaru.

.yi / J / Ndw .

cu’i ji ni-daru.

Nothing prs;negpresent negative at-road.

Nothing is not at the road.

There was no one on the road.

Xabanisa ra’u xiku kalu’ita’i kiputa xu’illu ra’u pa.

.xbNs / ru / X$ / kWiti / Kot / Zi;W / ru / p.

xaba -nisa ra’u xiku kalu-’ita’i kipu-ta xu -’illu ra’u pa.

Sound-only prs;stapresent stative relrelativiser ablablative-wagon horse-and broadcast-psvpassive prs;stapresent stative 3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive.

The only noise is it that is broadcast by the car and horse.

The only sounds were those made by the wagon and the draughtsbeast.

ʔita’i tikunarra janni ra’u, mani Pi’adu nujanniruqa kipu gi’ika, sisa tuhiru kaluqa gusu ga’iniqqi tuci ji.

.iti / T$n;r / j;N / ru , mN / PaE / Ij;Nwq / Ko / Gik , Ss / eHw / kWq / %z / giN;Q / eC / J .

’ita’i tiku-narra janni ra’u, ma-ni Pi’adu nu-janni-ru-qa kipu gi’ika, sisa tuhi-ru kalu-qa gusu ga’i -niqqi tuci ji.

Car turn-corner move prs;stapresent stative, where-at KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ stop-move-gergerund-gengenitive horse to, contact small-prs;gnopresent gnomic body-gengenitive person time-qal half_do prs;negpresent negative.

When the car is moving around the corner, Piadû stopped the movement of the horse in order to not touch a small body of a person in a mostly timely manner.

As the wagon came around a corner, Piado checked the draughtsbeast’s movement just in time to avoid a short figure.

Jusi ’ilagini li mihu janni lanu qu, kusu’a nu surra, mihu pasu’a nidu’usaji luffu ’usa nagi.

.YS / ilGN / L / MV / j;N / lI / A , $za / I / z;r , MV / pza / NEusJ / W;v / us / nG.

jusi ’i-lagi-ni li mihu janni lanu qu ku-su’a nu surra mihu pa-su’a nidu-’usa-ji luffu ’usa nagi.

3ani;datdative say-scream-inc comcomplementiser 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive move fut;dynfuture dynamic and, datdative-self stop when, 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive towards-self with-see-prs;negpresent negative eye see fut;stafuture stative.

(He) started yelling at her for her to move, and stopped himself when she will be looking towards himself with eyes that aren’t seeing.

He started yelling at her to move, but stopped when she raised sightless eyes to him.

ʔusu kalli ba’u ’ihiqaku qixa dissu ’isili qu, sama xidu’umi harucu’i malukka fu ra’u?

.uz / k;L / bu / iHq$ / Qx / D;z / iSL / A , sm / XEuM / hwyi / mW;k / v / ru .

’usu kalu-li ba’u ’i-hiqa -aku qixa dissu ’isili qu, sama xidu-’umi haru-cu’i malu -kka fu ra’u?

1intfirst person intransitive ablablative-comcomplementiser 2dat say-demand-aug pst;dynpast dynamic feel sorrow and, what far_away-anything with-nothing be-abvablative promotion 2trasecond person transitive prs;stapresent stative?

I feel sadness because (I) loudly demanded (something) of you and what made you be far away from anything with nothing?

I’m sorry for yelling at you, but what are you doing out here by yourself?

Qikaʔa rusa?

.Qk;a / ws.

qi-kaʔa rusa?

Experience-loss pst;gnopast gnomic?

Have (you) been experiencing loss until now?

Are you lost?

Saqalaqa ’allaxi faʔaji’a cani ’ixarunisaqa su’a.

.sqlq / a;lX / f;aJa / cN / ixwNsq / za .

saqala-qa ’alla-xi faʔa -ji’a cani ’i -xa-ru -nisa-qa su’a.

Word-gengenitive familiarity-broadcasting language-not prs;dynpresent dynamic say-dtvdative promotion-gergerund-only-gengenitive self.

Words of a familiar non-language are the only things that were said to him.

Words in an alien language were his only reply.

Cani kuxiku qiniddaku xuga ra’u tu kuffa sara pada, lanu qakalu’ita’i janni.

.cN / $X> / QN;d> / Zg / ru / e / >;f / sr / pd , lI / qkWiti / j;N .

cani ku-xiku qi-niddi -aku xuga ra’u tu kuffa sara pada, lanu qa-kalu-’ita’i janni.

prs;dynpresent dynamic datdative-relrelativiser experience-alertness-aug suddenly prs;stapresent stative offspring give reins and_then, fut;dynfuture dynamic down-ablablative-wagon move.

(He) gives the reins to the offspring who is suddenly experiencing great alertness, and then (he) will move down from the car.

Handing the reins to his suddenly very alert daughter, he got out of the wagon.

Pi li mihu tu’afuri lisina ru kal·li ku’iludisi cikki ji pa pada, fukaru pa madusi gi’a, kukiʔatuciruqa sikkadisi pa’usa.

.P / L / MV / eavR / LSn / w / kWL / $iWDS / C;K / J / p / pd , vkw / p / mES / Ga , >K;aeCwq / S;kDS / pus .

pi li mihu tu’afu-ri lisina ru kalu-li ku-’ilu-disi cikki ji pa pada, fu-karu pa madusi gi’a, ku-kiʔa-tuci-ru-qa sikka-disi pa-’usa.

pst;stapast stative comcomplementiser 3int plain-nmnnominaliser assume prs;gnopresent gnomic ablablative-comcomplementiser datdative-heart-3gengenitive thought_speak prs;negpresent negative think and, fut;negfuture negative-trmterminative think this_manner that_is, datdative-white-sort_of-gergerund-gengenitive skin-3ani;genanimate third person genitive think-see.

(He) is assuming that she is a plains-person from the fact that (he) doesn’t though-speak her emotional body, and (he) will stop not thinking this way, that is, (he) noticed the sort-of whiteness of her skin.

He had assumed her to be a flatlander since he couldn’t sense her emotions, but realised otherwise when he noticed the paleness of her skin.

Cussigi dusunidisi pada, kadutakkulu gipa qu, xahaqa su’a ’i.

.y;SG / EzNDS / pd , kEt;$W / Gp / A , xhq / za / i .

cussi-gi dusuni-disi pada kadu-takkulu gi-pa qu xaha-qa su’a ’i.

Touch-hold hand-3ani;genanimate third person genitive and_then, on-chest put-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive and, name-gengenitive self say.

(He) grabs her hand, and then put it on (his) chest, and says his own name.

He reached out for her hand, placed it on his chest, and said his own name.

Kal·ulu dusunidisi cani padissu li xahaqa ’umi ru.

.kWL / YS / j;IW / EzNDS / cN / pD;z / L / xhq / uM / w.

kalu-li jusi janni -ulu dusuni-disi cani pa-dissu li xaha-qa ’umi ru.

ablablative-comcomplementiser 3ani;datdative move-undo hand-3ani;genanimate third person genitive prs;dynpresent dynamic think-new comcomplementiser name-3ani;genanimate third person genitive something prs;gnopresent gnomic.

(He) learned what her name is from un-moving her hand to her.

Moving her hand back to her, he learned her name.

Kurila.

.$Rl.

Kurila.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/.

Qōla

Corla.

Ku’ita’i ’ussakka mihu qu, jusi kulikka Turassi.

.$iti / u;s;k / MV / A , YS / >L;k / er;S .

ku-’ita’i ’ussa -kka mihu qu, jusi kuli -kka Turassi.

datdative-car follow-abvablative promotion 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive and, 3ani;datdative meet-abvablative promotion KF:/tr̩ʃ;/.

(He) makes her follow to the car, and makes Tŗsh meet her.

Piado led the woman over to the wagon and introduced her to Toresh.

Kutu ’ihusabi li jannijarudisi madi Kurila fuca lanu.

.$e / iVsB / L / j;NjwDS / mD / >Rl / vc / lI.

ku-tu ’i-husabi li janni-ja-ru-disi madi Kurila fuca lanu.

datdative-daughter speak-fingergerund comcomplementiser move-across-gergerund-3ani;genanimate third person genitive rise CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ allow fut;dynfuture dynamic.

(He) finger-speaks to the daughter that her movement across will allow Qōla to rise.

He motioned to his daughter to move across to allow Corla to ascend.

Kurila ni’u’ilikasi kikacaqaraluminisa pi, maqa raqura tuhhisa gupi fihaniqqi.

.$Rl / NuiLkS / KkcqrWMNs / P , mq / rAr / e;Hs / %P / FhN;Q .

Kurila ni-’u’ili-kasi kika-caqara -lumi -nisa pi ma-qa raqu-ra tuhhi-sa gupi fiha -niqqi.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ in-reality-that over-hours-several-only pst;stapast stative, when-down between-two farm-nmnnominaliser sit safety-adv.

Since Qōla was in that reality for only several hours, (she) sits in safety between two farm people.

Within only a few hours in this world, Corla had found herself firmly ensconced between the two farmers.

Nimusacari jannika.

.NUscR / j;NNk .

ni-musa -cari janni-nika.

At-day-rest move-journey.

(They) journey in the remainder of the day.

The rest of the day was spent travelling.

Nagi nidaca narini qu, funi pasatadu’adi hulutuci.

.nG / Ndc / nRN / A , vN / pstEaD / VWeC.

nagi ni-daca nara -ini qu, funi pa-satadu-’adi hulu-tuci.

Fut;sta at-seat sleep-dim and, fut;negfuture negative towards-conversation-near listen-half_do.

(She) will be napping in the seat, and won’t be half-listening to nearby conversation.

She dozed in her seat, letting their conversation pass through her.

Salilu ra’usi, mani Pi’adu nin·nar·ru qacca nifidaru tuja.

.sLW / ruS , mN / PaE / Nnnrw / q;c / NFdw / ej .

salilu ra’u -si ma-ni Pi’adu nina-nara-ru qacca nifi-daru tuja.

Night_sky prs;stapresent stative-inc, when-at KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ for-sleep-gergerund choose next_to-road place.

When the night sky is starting to exist, Piadû chooses a place next to the road for sleep.

As night fell, Piado chose a place beside the road to rest.

Si’apaqafa ra’u xiku Turassi ’idu qixa jaffaracani dara’idu gapi.

.Sapqf / ru / X$ / er;S / iE / Qx / j;frcN / driE / gP .

si’apa -qafa ra’u xiku Turassi ’idu qixa jaffara-cani dara-’idu gapi.

Meal-last prs;stapresent stative relrelativiser KF:/tr̩ʃ/ make pst;dynpast dynamic spice-having lentil-made_of soup.

The final meal is a soup with spice made from lentils made by Tŗsh.

Dinner was a spiced lentil stew, prepared by Toresh.

Pi’adu ji nidajju nara hadissuri qu, ra’u niqatidi ’ita’i lagicirri.

.PaE / J / Nd;Y / nr / hD;zR / A , ru / NqTD / iti / lGC;R.

Pi’adu ji ni-dajju nara ha-dissu-ri qu, ra’u ni-qa-tidi ’ita’i la-gicirri.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ prs;negpresent negative at-tent sleep for-new-nmnnominaliser and, prs;stapresent stative in-down-tarpaulin car do-instead.

Piadû does not sleep in the tent for the new person, and is doing so in the car under the tarpaulin instead.

Piado gave his tent up to the stranger, and slept in the wagon covered with the tarp.

Kunaqi nixima cussidiccixa qu, ’alamusa ’adi kuxaʔa purakka dahikunaqi qu, kucissa ga’ala.

.$nQ / NXm / y;SD;Cx / A , alUs / aD / >x;a / or;k / dH>nQ / A , >C;s / gal.

kunaqi ni-xima cussi-dicci -xa qu ’ala-musa ’adi ku-xaʔa pura -kka da-hi-kunaqi qu, ku-cissa ga-’ala.

Soil at-morning touch-cold-dtvdative promotion and, heat-sun near datdative-gas change-abvablative promotion water-solid-ground and, datdative-air put-heat.

The earth feels cold in the morning, and the sunlight changes the ground-ice nearby into vapour and puts heat in the air.

The ground was chill the next morning, but the bright sun soon evaporated the frost and warmed the air.

ʔita’i nibijajubatari kuLusufi’i ninakassuru tisaka janni.

.iti / NBjYbtR / $WzFi / Nnk;zw / Tsk / j;N .

’ita’i ni-bijju-batari ku-Lusubi-’i nina-kassu-ru tisaka janni.

Car at-first-afternoon datdative-CZ:/ˈluː.soβ/-called for-buy-gergerund town move.

The car moves to the town called Lūsob which is for buying, in the first afternoon.

The wagon reached the market town of Lusov early in the afternoon.

Pi’adu haruKurila ’ita’ita gupicadi pi mani, Turassi hisubaqa kassutuja satali cahuri suqanatiha lanu ’usaju’i.

.PaE / hw$Rl / itit / %PcD / P / mN , er;S / Hzbq / k;zej / stL / cVR / zqnTh / lI / usYi.

Pi’adu haru-Kurila ’ita’i-ta gupi-cadi pi ma-ni, Turassi hisu-ba-qa kassu-tuja sata-li cahuri suqa-natiha lanu ’usa-ju’i.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ with-CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ wagon-and sit-wall pst;stapast stative when-at, KF:/tr̩ʃ/ administer-nmnnominaliser-gengenitive buy-place for-comcomplementiser stall ready-box fut;dynfuture dynamic see-join.

Piadû did remain with Qōla and the wagon, while Tŗsh seeks out the administrator for the buying-place in order to book the stall.

Piado stayed with Corla and the wagon as Toresh sought out the market authorities to reserve her place in the bazaar.

Pi’adu, fu taku ha’usu lakupira.

.PaE , v / t$ / huz / l>Pr .

Pi’adu, fu taku ha-’usu la-kupira.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/, 2trasecond person transitive pst;itr for-1intfirst person intransitive do-intensely.

Piadû, you have repeatedly done many things for me.

Piado, I wanted to thank you for everything you’ve done for me.

Hira.

.Hr.

hira.

Thanks.

Thank-you.

Pi’adu ’irippa.

.PaE / iR;p .

Pi’adu ’i-rippa.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ speak-shock.

Piadû speaks in shock.

Piado let out a startled exclamation.

ʔusu qilu pali filli ’isaqala ji!

.uz / QW / pL / F;L / isql / J .

’usu qilu pa-li filli ’i-saqala ji!

1intfirst person intransitive pst;negpast negative think-comcomplementiser 2intsecond person intransitive speak-word prs;negpresent negative!

I didn’t think that you didn’t speak.

I thought you couldn’t speak!

Sama di ’ikka cu’i qilu?

.sm / D / i;k / yi / QW.

sama di ’i -kka cu’i qilu?

What before speak-abvablative promotion nothing pst;negpast negative?

Because of what did (you) not say nothing before?

Why didn’t you say something before?

ʔusu satacura’a padissu faʔaba.

.uz / styra / pD;z / f;ab .

’usu sata-cura-’a pa-dissu faʔa-ba.

1intfirst person intransitive for-time-nmnnominaliser think-new language-2gensecond person genitive.

I learn your language over time.

It took me some time to learn your language.

ʔusu ji kafilli cikkinadapu’a, ’usu ru paruci cikki.

.uz / J / kF;L / C;Kndoa , uz / w / pwC / C;K.

’usu ji ka-filli cikki-nada -pu’a, ’usu ru pa-ruci cikki.

1intfirst person intransitive prs;negpresent negative equalative-2intsecond person intransitive hear-emotional_plane-nmnnominaliser, 1intfirst person intransitive prs;gnopresent gnomic towards-mental_plane hear.

I am not an empath the same as you, I listen towards the mental plane.

I’m not an empath the way your people are, I’m a telepath.

Ka’usu gusu?

.kuz / %z .

ka-’usu gusu?

Equalative-1intfirst person intransitive person?

Person the same as me?

Our people?

Kalusama filli ru?

.kWsm / F;L / w.

kalu-sama filli ru?

Abl-what 2intsecond person intransitive prs;gnopresent gnomic?

From what are you?

Where are you from?

Li ’usu kupiki xikka cihafi nagi qira fa.

.L / uz / $PK / X;k / ChF / nG / Qr / f .

li ’usu ku-piki xi -kka cihafi nagi qira fa.

comcomplementiser 1intfirst person intransitive datdative-clarity appear-abvablative promotion topic fut;stafuture stative difficult maybe.

Me making this topic seem clear might be difficult.

This may be a little difficult to explain.

Filli paru’ihajaba ’umi pagi ru?

.F;L / pwihjb / uM / pG / w .

filli pa-ru’iha-ja-ba ’umi pa-gi ru?

2intsecond person intransitive about-history-nmnnominaliser-2gensecond person genitive anything think-hold prs;gnopresent gnomic?

Do you know anything about your history?

Ru’ihajaxidu cipati ru?

.wihjXE / CpT / w.

ru’iha-ja-xidu cipati ru?

History-nmnnominaliser-far_away even prs;gnopresent gnomic?

(Do you know) even your distant history?

Your ultimate history, perhaps?

Cikkirucipu’a ru?

.C;KwCoa / w .

cikki-ruci -pu’a ru?

Listen-mental_plane-nmnnominaliser prs;gnopresent gnomic?

(It is) a telepath?

A telepath?

ʔusu miru pasama ra’u?

.uz / Mw / psm / ru.

’usu miru pa-sama ra’u?

1intfirst person intransitive now think-what prs;stapresent stative?

I am thinking what now?

What am I thinking right now, then?

Xiku puttu lilluna tajihu kaku’usu hafaxita ’icussa nisa, Kurila ’itamu.

.X$ / o;e / L;Wn / tJV / k>uz / hfXt / iy;s / Ns , >Rl / itU .

xiku puttu la -’illu-na tajihu ka-ku-’usu hafa-xita ’i-cussa -nisa, Kurila ’i-tamu.

Rel 1ablablative do-psvpassive-prs;itr ability as-datdative-1intfirst person intransitive race-one speak-subtle_bodies only, CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ speak-answer.

The ability that is done by me only speaks subtly to one of the race like me, Qōla spoke in answer.

My abilities only seem to work properly on my own people, Corla replied.

ʔusu ninali pamana li linataqa kuppakutuja mituja ru qu, padissu faʔaba jati qixa cikki ti’ici qu, mari ru ’aba.

.uz / NnL / pmn / L / Lntq / $;p>ej / Mej / w / A , pD;z / f;ab / jT / Qx / C;K / TiC / A , mR / w / ab.

’usu nina-li pa-mana li linata-qa kuppu -aku-tuja mituja ru qu, pa-dissu faʔa-ba jati qixa cikki ti’ici qu, mari ru ’aba.

1intfirst person intransitive to-comcomplementiser think-ascent comcomplementiser population-gengenitive density-aug-place anywhere prs;gnopresent gnomic and, think-new language-2gensecond person genitive apparently pst;dynpast dynamic telepath extent and, this prs;gnopresent gnomic everything.

I hear to a certain extent in order to realise where places of high population density are and apparently learn your language, but this is everything.

I can pick up enough to tell me where population centres are, and apparently to pick up your language, but that is it.

Pi’adu cani kalumatanniruji’a jannitiqaxi liqa.

.PaE / cN / kWmt;NwJa / j;NTqX / Lq .

Pi’adu cani kalu-ma-tanni-ru -ji’a janni-tiqaxi liqa.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ prs;dynpresent dynamic ablablative-think-believe-gergerund-not move-tilt head.

Piadû tilts his head because of not believing.

Piado rolled his eyes in disbelief.

Nifiku’ita’i jannigata kanu mani, ’ikahu.

.NF$iti / j;Ngt / kI / mN , ikV .

nifi-ku-’ita’i janni-gata kanu ma-ni, ’i-kahu.

Beside-datdative-car move-swing legs when-at, speak-grunt.

(He) swung his legs to beside the car, when (he) grunts.

He swung his legs out over the side of the cart, grunting as his did so.

Nikunaqi ra’u, maqa cani cussigi dusunidisi qu, cahussurudisi.

.N$nQ / ru , mq / cN / y;SG / EzNDS / A , cV;zwDS.

ni-kunaqi ra’u, ma-qa cani cussi-gi dusuni-disi qu, ca-hussu-ru-disi.

At-ground prs;stapresent stative, when-down prs;dynpresent dynamic touch-hold hand-3ani;genanimate third person genitive and, help-drop-gergerund-3ani;genanimate third person genitive.

After (he) is on the ground, (he) holds her hand, and helps her drop.

Once he was on the ground, he grasped Corla’s hand and helped her off.

Cani kura fipacani daruhubaqa Lusufimala bufi’idu hifu ’ussakka mihu.

.cN / $r / FpcN / dwVbq / WzFml / OFiE / Hv / u;s;k / MV .

cani ku-ra fipa-cani daru-huba-qa Lusubi-mala bufi-’idu hifu ’ussa -kka mihu.

Prs;dyn datdative-two storey-having street-importance-gengenitive TZ:/ˈluː.soβ/-being_in stone-made building follow-abvablative promotion 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive.

(He) made her follow (him) to the building made of stone and having two storeys, on the main street of Lūsob.

He led her to a two-storey stone building on the main street of Lusov.

Li kumituja su’a mihuta janni piddi lanu kalu’usadajabillunigiruqa capuhaqa hifu padissu.

.L / $Mej / za / MVt / j;N / P;D / lI / kWusdjB;WNGwq / cohq / Hv / pD;z .

li ku-mituja su’a mihu-ta janni piddi lanu kalu-’usa-dajabi -illu-nigi-ru-qa capuha-qa hifu pa-dissu.

Com datdative-somewhere self 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive-and move purpose fut;dynfuture dynamic ablablative-see-reading-psvpassive-quickly-gergerund-gengenitive directory-gengenitive building think-new.

From a quick reading of the directory of the building, he learned where himself and she will go for a purpose.

A quick scan of the building’s manifest told him where he was going.

Cani xiku du’i’i’uja gupi ra’u qumu nimixi nijifadiqa ja ’usa.

.cN / X$ / Eiiuj / %P / ru / AU / NMX / NJfDq / j / us .

cani xiku du’i-’i’uja gupi ra’u qumu ni-mixi ni-jifadi-qa ja ’usa.

Prs;dyn relrelativiser opposite-table sit prs;stapresent stative woman in-room at-corridor-gengenitive end see.

In a room at the end of a corridor, (they) see a woman who is sitting on the other side of a table.

In a room at the end of the corridor, they found a woman sitting behind a desk.

Qumu ra’u ju’i xiku nidifigi ga’i ju’i nubitu’afuri na sunufi.

.AU / ru / Yi / X$ / NDFG / gi / Yi / IBeavR / n / zIF .

qumu ra’u ju’i xiku ni-difi-gi ga’i ju’i naqi-tu’afu-ri na sunu-fi.

Woman prs;stapresent stative link relrelativiser at-formality-give time link land-plains-nmnnominaliser prs;itr cloak-sacred.

The woman is linked to a sacred cloak that the plains people wear at occasions that do formality.

She was wearing the officious robes that the flatlanders wore for formal occasions.

Pi’adu qixa ’iqaca qu, Kurila ’i da’aru funi, madi diha latuhiru ta.

.PaE / Qx / iqc / A , $Rl / i / daw / vN , mD / Dh / leHw / t .

Pi’adu qixa ’i-qaca qu, Kurila ’i da’aru funi, ma-di diha la-tuhi-ru ta.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ pst;dynpast dynamic speak-point_of_view and, CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ speak experience fut;negfuture negative, when-before bureaucrat do-small-prs;gnopresent gnomic bell.

Piadû gave his perspective, and before Qōla will speak, the official did a small bell.

Piado explained his side of the story, but before Corla had a chance to speak, the bureaucrat rang a small bell.

Cabadisi ma’ikkalugurrisulukku janni’adi.

.cbDS / mi;kW%;RzW;$ / j;NaD.

ca-ba-disi ma’iki-kalu-gurrisu-lukku janni-’adi.

Help-nmnnominaliser-3ani;genanimate third person genitive across-ablablative-door-wall move-near.

Her helper moved near from across the wall-door.

Her assistant appeared from a side door.

Ku·li Tapassi narini fana rusara?

.$L / tp;S / nRN / fn / wsr .

ku·li Tapassi nara -ini fana rusara?

Dat-comcomplementiser TZ:/ʈɛ.ˈpet̪θ̪/ sleep-dimdiminutive whether pst;gnopast gnomic<trmterminative> speak-ask-dtvdative promotion

Whether Ṭepet is no longer having a little sleep?

Is Tepeth awoken from her nap yet?

ʔicipuxa.

.iCox.

’i-cipu -xa.

(she) was asked.

she was asked.

Caba xitama pada, kaludihaqa jannihusabiru qu’ukalumixi janni.

.cb / Xtm / pd , kWDhq / j;NVsBw / AukWMX / j;N.

ca-ba xi-tama pada, kalu-diha-qa janni-husabi-ru qu’u-kalu-mixi janni.

Help-nmnnominaliser project-assent and_then, ablablative-bureaucrat-gengenitive move-fingergerund-gergerund inside-ablablative-room move.

The helper showed assent, and then from the bureaucrat’s finger movement, moved from inside the room.

The assistant nodded, and then left the room at a gesture from the official.

HisubaTapassi lanu si’abassa, Pi’adu ’ihucillu.

.Hzbtp;S / lI / Sab;s , PaE / iVC;W .

hisuba-Tapassi lanu si’a bassa Pi’adu ’i-hucu -illu.

Administrator-TZ:/ʈɛ.ˈpet̪θ̪;/ fut;dynfuture dynamic fix-situation, KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ speak-information-psvpassive.

Administrator Ṭepet will fix this situation, Piadû was info-spoken to.

Her Honour will take care of this, Piado was informed.

Kulina ru?

.$Ln / w .

Kulina ru?

TZ:/kʰɔ.ˈlin.ə;/ prs;gnopresent gnomic?

(You) are Kolina?

Kolina, is it?

Haru’usu jannilanu.

.hwuz / j;NlI.

haru-’usu janni-lanu.

With-1intfirst person intransitive move-fut;dynfuture dynamic.

Move with me.

Come with me.

Pi’adu ’ussa dumi qu, nuxa li gurrisu du’ijannibiqixa gusura turillu cani.

.PaE / u;s / EM / A , Ix / L / %;Rz / Eij;NBQx / <zr / eR;W / cN .

Pi’adu ’ussa dumi qu, nu -xa li gurrisu du’i-janni-bi-qixa gusu-ra turu -illu cani.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ follow try and, stop-dtvdative promotion comcomplementiser door opposite-move-out-pst;dynpast dynamic person-two close-psvpassive prs;dynpresent dynamic.

Piadû tries following and, was stopped by the door is closing opposite the two moving-out people.

Piado attempted to follow, but was prevented from doing so by the closing of the door behind the departing pair.

Ji nixiku haruhafasu’a nimalu ru ga’i paxici li hafamari xifipu fana ru.

.J / NX$ / hwhfza / NmW / w / gi / pXC / L / hfmR / XFo / fn / w .

ji ni-xiku haru-hafa-su’a ni-malu ru ga’i pa-xici li hafa-mari xi-fipu fana ru.

Prs;neg at-relrelativiser with-people-self at-be prs;gnopresent gnomic time think-concept comcomplementiser people-this project-rudeness how prs;gnopresent gnomic.

At times where (he) is with his people, (he) doesn’t consider how much these people project rudeness.

He forgot each time he was among his own people how rude these were.

Li tana laruraqi ji pamana qu, kukipu gupira’u tuta jannulu.

.L / tn / lwrQ / J / pmn / A , $Ko / %Pru / et / j;IW.

li tana la-ru -raqi ji pa-mana qu, ku-kipu gupi-ra’u tu-ta janni -ulu.

Com there_is do-gergerund-more prs;negpresent negative think-realisation and, datdative-horse wait-prs;stapresent stative offspring-and move-undo.

(He) slowly realises that there are no more things to do, and moves back to the horse and the waiting offspring.

Realising there was nothing further to do, he went back to the draughtsbeast and his waiting daughter.

Kurila jajifadi gajannidillu qu, ji kalu’umi hussudiccaha dumihita.

.$Rl / jJfD / gj;ND;W / A , J / kWuM / V;zD;ch / EMHt .

Kurila ja-jifadi ga-janni-da -illu qu, ji kalu-’umi hussu-diccaha dumi -hita.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ along-corridor put-move-palm-psvpassive and, prs;negpresent negative ablablative-something fall-trip try-neg.

Qōla was pushed along the passage, and didn’t not try to trip because of something.

Corla was pushed along the passageway, trying not to trip on anything.

Gurrisu qixa ’arisu’a qarrillu qu, ra’u miru qu’utuhiru mixi jamihulu.

.%;Rz / Qx / aRza / q;R;W / A , ru / Mw / AueHw / MX / jMVW .

gurrisu qixa ’ari-su’a qarri -illu qu, ra’u miru qu’u-tuhi-ru mixi jami-hulu.

Door pst-dyn before-self open-psvpassive and, prs-sta now in-small-prs;gnopresent gnomic room evidentially-hear.

It was evident from the sound that a door was opened in front of her, and she is now in a small room.

She heard a door being opened ahead of her and could tell from the echoes around that she was now in a small room.

Diha qixa kudacataca ’ussakka mihu qu, cani gupikka mihu qu, lanu jann·nura.

.Dh / Qx / $dctc / u;s;k / MV / A , cN / %P;k / MV / A , lI / j;Ir.

diha qixa ku-daca-taca ’ussa -kka mihu qu, cani gupi -kka mihu qu, lanu janni-nura.

Bureaucrat pst;dynpast dynamic datdative-seat-long follow-abvablative promotion 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive and, prs;dynpresent dynamic sit-abvablative promotion 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive and, fut;dynfuture dynamic move-separate.

The bureaucrat made her follow, makes her sit, and will go away.

The official unceremoniously led her to a bench, sat her down, and then left again.

Kurila cani nimixi nili qisa pi janniditiba qu, hu kalucussiruqa cadi pahini.

.$Rl / cN / NMX / NL / Qs / P / j;NDTb / A , V / kWy;Swq / cD / pHN .

Kurila cani ni-mixi ni-li qi-sa pi janni-di-tiba qu, hu kalu-cussi-ru-qa cadi pa-hini.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ prs;dynpresent dynamic at-room at-comcomplementiser experience-solitude pst;stapast stative move-up-legs and, fut;itr ablablative-touch-gergerund-gengenitive wall think-path.

(She) was in the room experiencing solitude, Qōla does stand up, and will be learning the path by touching the wall.

Alone in the room, Corla got up and felt her way around the wall.

Paxita gurrisura’aba qarri qu, cu’i ji kalu’irudisi ’idata.

.pXt / %;Rzrab / q;L / A , yi / J / kWiwDS / idt .

pa-xita gurrisu-ra-’aba qarri qu, cu’i ji kalu-’i-ru-disi ’i-data.

Toward-one door-two-all open and, no_one prs;negpresent negative ablablative-speak-gergerund-3ani;genanimate third person genitive say-back.

(She) opened both doors one at a time, and no one isn’t replying because of her speaking.

She opened both doors, one at a time, but no one answered her calls.

Ra’u patisaka ji’i qu, nidu’ara kutaritiqa ’alamusa cussi mani, nifikimadiru madu gupitiba ra’u.

.ru / pTsk / Ji / A , NEar / $tRTq / alUs / y;S / mN , NFKmDw / mE / %PTb / ru.

ra’u pa-tisaka ji’i qu, nidu-’ara ku-tariti-qa ’ala-musa cussi ma-ni, nifi-ki-madi-ru madu gupi-tiba ra’u.

Prs;sta towards-city smell and, with-face datdative-noon-gengenitive heat-sun feel when-at, beside-big-high-prs;gnopresent gnomic window still-leg prs;stapresent stative.

(She) is smelling the city, and feeling the sunlight of noon with her face, when she is standing next to the tall window.

Standing at a tall window, she could smell the city and feel the noonday sun upon her face.

Qarri gurrisu matta dumi miru pada, ’umi kalutanajimuli marila xita.

.q;R / %;Rz / m;t / EM / Mw / pd , uM / kWtnJUL / mRl / Xt.

qarri gurrisu matta dumi miru pada, ’umi kalu-tana-jimuli marila xita.

Open door again try now and_then, someone ablablative-there_is-outside do_this one.

(She) is about to try to open the door again, and then someone did this to one from what is outside.

She was just about to try the doors again when one was opened from the outside.

Caba qixa kalufaʔasu’a ’i ’umi pada, Kurila nagi jusi kalukasiqa Pi’adu ’i li su’a kassi gi’i ji.

.cb / Qx / kWf;aza / i / uM / pd , $Rl / nG / YS / kWkSq / PaE / i / L / za / k;S / Gi / J.

ca-ba qixa kalu-faʔa-su’a ’i ’umi pada, Kurila nagi jusi kalu-kasi-qa Pi’adu ’i li su’a kassi gi-’i ji.

Help-nmnnominaliser prs;dynpresent dynamic ablablative-language-own speak something and_then, CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ fut;stafuture stative 3ani;datdative ablablative-that-gengenitive KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ speak comcomplementiser self 3ani;ablablative get-speak prs;negpresent negative.

The helper does from the own language say something, and then Qōla will have spoken to her in that of Piadû that the self does not understand from her.

The assistant’s voice said something in her own language, and Corla told her in Piado’s tongue that she could not understand her.

Ti’a, filli kaluFaxila’inisa ’i jami tappa ru?

.Ta , F;L / kWfXLNs / i / jM / t;p / w .

ti’a, filli kalu-faxila’i -nisa ’i jami tappa ru?

Oh!, 2intsecond person intransitive ablablative-KF:/ˈfɛʒlə/-only speak perceive confirmation prs;gnopresent gnomic?

Oh, I want confirmation of my perception that you only speak from Fezhlê?

Oh, so you only speak Fezhlê, do you?

kal·li kukasi puraga cani ’i.

.kWL / $kS / org / cN / i .

kal·li ku-kasi pura-ga cani ’i.

ablablative-comcomplementiser datdative-that change-put prs;dynpresent dynamic speak.

(she) spoke from changing to that.

she said, switching to that.

ʔusu ’icipu li filli qi’iku pi miru.

.uz / iCo / L / F;L / Qi$ / P / Mw .

’usu ’i-cipu li filli qi-’iku pi miru.

1intfirst person intransitive speak-question comcomplementiser 2int experience-hunger pst;stapast stative now.

I now ask that you are hungry.

I just asked if you were hungry.

Filli kaluli ’usu majja ra’u qidaccatu’i gi’a, ’usu ’adi ru xiku kalupasani gusuli’adipagu padissu qiriji qixa mihunisa.

.F;L / kWL / uz / m;j / ru / Qd;cei / Ga , uz / aD / w / X$ / kWpsN / %zLaDp< / pD;z / QRJ / Qx / MVNs .

filli kalu-li ’usu majja ra’u qi-dacca -tu’i gi’a, ’usu ’adi ru xiku kalu-pa-sani gusu-li-’adi-pagu pa-dissu qiriji qixa mihu -nisa.

2intsecond person intransitive ablablative-comcomplementiser 1intfirst person intransitive here prs;stapresent stative experience-luck-positive_aspect that_is, 1intfirst person intransitive near prs;gnopresent gnomic relrelativiser ablablative-towards-north person-not-near-1genfirst person genitive think-new bother pst;dynpast dynamic 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive-only.

You are experiencing good luck from me being here, that is, I am nearby the only she who bothered to learn from our near people towards the north.

You’re lucky to have me; I’m the only one around here who bothered to learn from our northern neighbours.

Filli qilu kadimukadi xi, ’usu qarihu, kanubidisa.

.F;L / QW / kDUkD / X , uz / qRV , kIBDs .

filli qilu ka-di -muka-di xi, ’usu qarihu, ka-naqi-di-sa.

2intsecond person intransitive pst;negpast negative as-up-nmnnominaliser-nmnnominaliser seem, 1intfirst person intransitive pardon, as-land-up-nmnnominaliser.

You did not seem like a thing from the top, I regret, like a person from the uplands.

You don’t look like a Topper, I beg your pardon, like a Toplander.

Filli kuli dasidu kasuja nidiba ra’u ’ixa qilu?

.F;L / $L / dSE / kzj / NDb / ru / ix / QW.

filli ku-li dasi -du kasuja ni-diba ra’u ’i -xa qilu?

2intsecond person intransitive datdative-comcomplementiser eat-nmnnominaliser there at-counter prs;stapresent stative speak-dtvdative promotion pst;negpast negative?

Were you not told there is food on the bench there?

Were you not told about the food there on the counter?

Kalu’iducidatilluqixa saqalapifa qapi cani dissurippa, Kurila lanu kalu lafuca jannidifirunisa.

.kWiECdT;WQx / sqlPf / qP / cN / D;zR;p , $Rl / lI / kW / lvc / j;NDFwNs.

kalu-’idu-cidatu -illu-qixa saqala-pifa qapi cani dissu-rippa, Kurila lanu kalu la-fuca janni-difi-ru -nisa.

Abl-make-sudden-psvpassive-pst;dynpast dynamic word-make chain prs;dynpresent dynamic feel-shock, CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ fut;dynfuture dynamic 3ina;ablablative do-can move-drop-gergerund-only.

Did feel the shock from the suddenly created chain made of words, Qōla will only do the nod from it.

Taken aback by the sudden stream of words, Corla could only shake her head.

ʔadimiru gusu!

.aDMw / %z .

’adi-miru gusu!

Near-here person!

The nearby people!

People around here!

Ji ma’iludihha qa’i!

.J / miWD;h / qi .

ji ma-’ilu-dihha qa’i!

Prs;neg think-heart-other nowhere!

Never not thinking of others’ hearts!

So inconsiderate!

Kamari, mihu parida li ’usacu’iba palinu li dasidu miru ra’u na pu’i.

.kmR , MV / pRd / L / usyib / pLI / L / dSE / Mw / ru / n / oi .

ka-mari, mihu pa-rida li ’usa-cu’i-ba pa-linu li dasi -du miru ra’u na pu’i.

As-this, 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive think-expectation comcomplementiser see-nothing-nmnnominaliser think-realise comcomplementiser eat-nmnnominaliser here prs;stapresent stative prs;itr incredulity!

Like this, I can’t believe she always expects people who can’t see to realise that there’s food here.

Like she expects a blind person to just know that there’s food here.

ʔusu sarrupacadu ’imari, ’i qarihu.

.uz / s;wpcE / imR , i / qRV .

’usu sarru-pacadu ’i-mari, ’i qarihu.

1intfirst person intransitive without-council say-this, speak apologetic.

I speak this instead of the council, I speak apologetically.

On behalf of the Council, I apologise.

ʔusu ’ixahillu Laruni rapi.

.uz / ixH;W / lwN / rP .

’usu ’i-xaha -illu Laruni rapi.

1intfirst person intransitive speak-name-psvpassive TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ anyway.

I was named Lharen, but it’s not important.

Anyway, my name is Lharen.

Basi ’ili filli Kulina ru rafa ra’u?

.bS / iL / F;L / $Ln / w / rf / ru.

Basi ’i-li filli Kulina ru rafa ra’u?

TZ:/ˈbɛs.ɪ/ say-comcomplementiser 2intsecond person intransitive TZ:/kʰɔ.ˈlin.ə;/ prs;gnopresent gnomic hearsay prs;stapresent stative?

I heard that Besi said that you are Kolina?

Besi said you were Kolina?

Mukicukka mihu pada, ’ili qi’iku rani ra’u.

.UKy;k / MV / pd , iL / Qi$ / rN / ru.

mu-kicu -kka mihu pada, ’i-li qi-’iku rani ra’u.

Good-truth-abvablative promotion 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive and_then, say-comcomplementiser experience-hungergerund agreement prs;stapresent stative.

(She) made her correct, and then agreed that (she) is experiencing hunger.

She corrected her, and then said that she was actually hungry.

Sama ’adi xifipukka ’usu ra’u?

.sm / aD / XFo;k / uz / ru .

sama ’adi xi-fipu -kka ’usu ra’u?

What near project-rudeness-abvablative promotion 1intfirst person intransitive prs;stapresent stative?

What makes me be rude nearby?

Where have my manners gone now?

ʔusu kamihu guqqi pada, ’usu papa pa pu’i, fu kalu’irupagu ’usaju’i dasidu.

.uz / kMV / %;Q / pd , uz / pp / p / oi , v / kWiwp< / usYi / dSE .

’usu ka-mihu guqqi pada, ’usu pa-pa pa pu’i, fu kalu-’i-ru-pagu ’usa-ju’i dasi -du.

1intfirst person intransitive as-3ani;intanimate third person intransitive bad that_is, 1intfirst person intransitive toward-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive think incredulous, 2trasecond person transitive ablablative-speak-gergerund-1genfirst person genitive see-join eat-nmnnominaliser.

I (am) bad like them, that is, I incredulously think towards it, you find food from my saying.

I’m just as bad as they are, assuming that you’ll just find the food on my say-so.

Kurila ru?

.$Rl / w .

Kurila ru?

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ prs;gnopresent gnomic?

It is Qōla?

Corla?

Pa ximussa.

.p / XU;s.

pa xi-mussa.

3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive project-exotic.

It seems exotic.

That’s an unusual name.

Kurila qixa pamihu naxuʔa qu, ra’u kusu’a nidibamarika hagaquhu gi’a, la’apa pi tukihagi natiha batuqa ’alatucipi data.

.$Rl / Qx / pMV / nZ;a / A , ru / >za / NDbmRk / hgAV / Ga , lap / P / eKhG / nTh / beq / aleCP / dt .

Kurila qixa pa-mihu na-xuʔa qu, ra’u ku-su’a ni-diba-marika ha-ga-quhu gi’a, la’a-pa pi tukiha-gi natiha batu-qa ’ala-tuci-pi da-ta.

Corla pst;dynpast dynamic toward-3ani;intanimate third person intransitive point-smile and, prs;stapresent stative datdative-self at-counter-this_state for-put-3ani;traanimate third person transitive that_is, on-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive pst;stapast stative biscuit-hold box store-gengenitive hot-half_do-pst;stapast stative water-and.

Qōla did point a smile towards her, and the self is put at this kind of counter for her, that is, a box holding bread and a store of somewhat hot water was on it.

Corla smiled in her direction and she came up and took her over to the counter, where indeed sat a box of biscuits and a store of warm water.

Quhu lanu ni’arrida xaci gaxiku su’a ji’i ra’u pa qu, su’a ninali ’iqaca sinnasu’a hu mutaddikka pa’asu’a.

.AV / lI / Na;Rd / xC / gX$ / za / Ji / ru / p / A , za / NnL / iqc / S;nza / V / Ut;D;k / paza.

quhu lanu ni-’arri-da xaci ga-xiku su’a ji’i ra’u pa qu, su’a nina-li ’i-qaca sinna-su’a hu mu-taddi -ka pa-’a-su’a.

3ani;traanimate third person transitive fut;dynfuture dynamic in-with-water cup put-relrelativiser self smell prs;stapresent stative 3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive and, self for-comcomplementiser speak-explain story-self fut;itr good-order-abvablative promotion think-nmnnominaliser-self.

She will put that which the self can smell in the cup along with water, and the self put her thoughts in order in order to tell her side of her story.

Lharen put something she could smell into a cup of the water, and she gathered her thoughts to explain her story.

Kujannuluruqa sassu’a gupi na, mani Turassi ra’u kutujanaracam·mari gasu’a, nidaruqa narra tuhiru tujaramirra.

.$j;IWwq / s;za / %P / n , mN / er;S / ru / >ejnrcmmR / gza , Ndwq / n;r / eHw / ejrM;r .

ku-janni -ulu-ru-qa kitisu gupi na, ma-ni Turassi ra’u ku-tuja-nara -cama-mari ga-su’a, ni-daru-qa narra tuhi-ru tuja-ramirra.

Dat-move-undo-gergerund-gengenitive father-3top;genthird person topic genitive sit prs;itr, where-at KF:/tr̩ʃ;/ prs;stapresent stative datdative-place-sleep-usual-this put-self, at-road-gengenitive corner small-prs;gnopresent gnomic place-guest.

When continually waiting for the father’s moving back, Tŗsh put herself at this usual sleeping place, a small guest-house on the corner.

While waiting for her father to return, Toresh sought out their usual sleeping place — a small hotel on the corner.

Pi’adu qu’ukumixi janni ma’adi, Turassi pi gataddi mirisu’apa.

.PaE / Au$MX / j;N / maD , er;S / P / gt;D / MRzap.

Pi’adu qu’u-ku-mixi janni ma-’adi, Turassi pi ga-taddi miri-su’a-pa.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ inside-datdative-room move where-near, KF:/tr̩ʃ;/ pst;stapast stative put-order stuff-self-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive.

Piadû moved to inside the room, just as Tŗsh put their stuff in order.

Piado entered the room just as she had finished putting their gear away.

Mica, tupagu.

.Mc , ep% .

mica, tu-pagu.

Hello, child-1genfirst person genitive.

Hi, my kid!

Hey, kiddo.

Filli qi’iku ra’u?

.F;L / Qi$ / ru.

filli qi-’iku ra’u?

2int experience-hunger prs;stapresent stative?

Are you experiencing hunger?

Are you hungry?

Ra’u tucinaci, sabba, Turassi ’itamu.

.ru / eCnC , s;b , er;S / itU .

ra’u tucinaci, sabba, Turassi ’i-tamu.

Prs;sta somewhat, father, KF:/tr̩ʃ/ speak-answer.

Yes, somewhat, father, Tŗsh spoke in answer.

A little, father, Toresh replied.

Kurila mudibada pi?

.$Rl / UDbd / P.

Kurila mu-dibada pi?

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ good-life pst;stapast stative?

Was Qōla’s life going ok?

Is Corla alright?

Ra’u nufira qu, dihhami lanu si’abassaca’alla mihu qaffi.

.ru / IFr / A , D;hM / lI / Sab;sca;l / MV / q;F.

ra’u nufira qu, dihha-mi lanu si’a-bassa-ca’alla mihu qaffi.

Prs;sta hope and, other_people-someone fut;dynfuture dynamic fix-situation-must 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive perception.

I hope (it) is, and I assume that some other people will have to fix her.

I hope so, but it seems that she’s their problem now.

Pi’aduqa kahi cani ditudisiqa pa’aka qu, du’ikugurissu jannikiluqukka quhu.

.PaEq / kH / cN / DeDSq / pak / A , Ei$%R;z / j;NKWA;k / AV .

Pi’adu-qa kahi cani di-tu-disi-qa pa’aka qu, du’i-ku-gurrisu janni-kiluqu -kka quhu.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/-gengenitive arm prs;dynpresent dynamic atop-child-3ani;genanimate third person genitive-gengenitive shoulder and, opposite-datdative-door move-walk-abvablative promotion 3ani;traanimate third person transitive.

Piadû’s arm is now above his child’s shoulder, and (he) walk-moves her to opposite the door.

Piado put his arm around his daughter’s shoulder and walked her out the door.

Ra’u nitujadasiqa tujaramirra hiqadasidu kassinixi ’umi.

.ru / NejdSq / ejrM;r / HqdSE / k;SNX / uM .

ra’u ni-tuja-dasi-qa tuja-ramirra hiqa-dasi -du kassi -ini-xi ’umi.

Prs;sta at-place-eat-gengenitive place-guest demand-eat-nmnnominaliser trade-dim-project something.

(They) are meal-ordering something with little to trade for.

In the hotel restaurant, they ordered something cheap to eat.

Paxatu li kusu’apa laqquraqi musara lanu rika, dasi ta’itu’iraqixu ’umi dasippatapa fuca hu.

.pxe / L / $zap / l;ArQ / Usr / lI / Rk , dS / tieirQZ / uM / dS;ptp / vc / V.

pa-xatu li ku-su’a-pa laqqu -raqi musa-ra lanu rika, dasi ta’i -tu’i -raqi-xu ’umi dasi -ppa -tapa fuca hu.

Think-predict comcomplementiser datdative-self-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive money-more day-two fut;dynfuture dynamic and_so, eat taste-positive_aspect-more-project something eat-time-next ablablativee fut;itr.

(They) predict that tomorrow there will be more money for them, and so the next mealtime (they) will be able to eat something that has more good aroma.

They knew that tomorrow should bring them more money, and that the next time they dined, they would be able to have something tastier.

Kuxima ra’u ’ala sa’akuta musara.

.$Xm / ru / al / sa>t / Usr .

ku-xima ra’u ’ala sa’i -aku-ta musa-ra.

Dat-morning pst;stapast stative heat light-aug-and day-two.

To the morning was heat and a bright light tomorrow.

The next day dawned bright and hot.

Lusubi’i kiru tisaka, japa’ala qixa capa gaqqu.

.WzBi / Kw / Tsk , jpal / Qx / cp / g;A .

Lusubi-’i ki-ru tisaka, japa-’ala qixa ca-pa gaqqu.

TZ:/ˈluː.soβ/-speak big-prs;gnopresent gnomic town, mist-heat pst;dynpast dynamic around-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive not_surprising.

The big town called Lūsob, there was unsurprisingly heat-mist encircling it.

The haze came up as usual around the large town of Lusov.

Pi’adu Turassita ra’u kalumixi kucahuriqapi ’arrikassudu jannigi.

.PaE / er;St / ru / kWMX / $cVRqP / a;Rk;zE / j;NNG .

Pi’adu Turassi-ta ra’u kalu-mixi ku-cahuri-qapi ’arri-kassu -du janni-nigi.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ KF:/tr̩ʃ/-and prs;stapresent stative ablablative-room datdative-stall-chain with-trade-nmnnominaliser move-hurry.

Piadû and Tŗsh are hurrying from the room to the chain of stalls with things to trade.

Piado and Toresh hurried out of their hotel room and into the market, carrying their wares.

Pi’adu capisuqapi ’i’uja gupitiba mani, Turassi lanu ninamariqa ladumiru la piba xi’asilanagi xuʔa, qapuraxu tisakarra lanu nidu ’assa dumi.

.PaE / cPzqP / iuj / %PTb / mN , er;S / lI / NnmRq / lEMw / l / Pb / XaSlnG / Z;a , qorZ / Tsk;r / lI / NE / a;s / EM .

Pi’adu capi-suqa-pi ’i’uja gupi-tiba ma-ni, Turassi lanu nina-mari-qa la-dumi-ru la piba xi-’asila-nagi xuʔa, qapura-xu tisaka -rra lanu nidu ’assa dumi.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ behind-prepare-pst;stapast stative table stay-leg when-at, KF:/tr̩ʃ;/ fut;dynfuture dynamic for-this-gengenitive do-try-gergerund do most project-friendship-fut;stafuture stative smile, business-project town-nmnnominaliser fut;dynfuture dynamic use goods try.

Piado stood behind the prepared table, while Tŗsh will put do the most friendly seeming smile for this: busy-seeming townspeople will try to use the groceries.

Piado stood behind their set-up table, while Toresh put on her most winning smile, trying to get the busy townspeople to try their produce.

Kassuru na kikaxima.

.k;zw / n / KkXm .

kassu-ru na kika-xima.

Trade-gergerund prs;itr over-morning.

Trading is during the morning.

The trading progressed throughout the morning.

Lusubi lanu ’ala piba cussi taritinaci rika, tisakarra narabatari la karu.

.WzB / lI / al / Pb / y;S / tRTnC / Rk , Tsk;r / nrbtR / l / kw.

Lusubi lanu ’ala piba cussi tariti -naci rika, tisaka -rra nara-batari la karu.

TZ:/ˈluː.soβ;/ fut;dynfuture dynamic heat most feel midday-somewhat and_so, town-nmnnominaliser sleep-afternoon do usually.

Lūsob will be hot at midday-ish, and so the townspeople usually do an afternoon sleep.

Lusov usually became too hot around noon, so the town usually went to siesta.

Musa ganibasillu, ma’adi xiku nisabi huKurila laniga na Laruni janni’adi.

.Us / gNbS;W , maD / X$ / NsB / V>Rl / lNg / n / lwN / j;NaD .

musa ga-ni-basa -illu, ma-’adi xiku ni-sabi hu-Kurila la-niga na Laruni janni-’adi.

Sun put-begin-cover-psvpassive, where-near relrelativiser at-side for-CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ do-guide prs;itr TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ move-near.

The sun was beginning to be covered, when near moved the Lharen who was doing guiding for the Qōla at (his) side.

The sun was just beginning to set when Lharen came by, guiding Corla by her side.

Caba funi nina’umiqa kassuruji’a majja raqa.

.cb / vN / NnuMq / k;zwJa / m;j / rq.

ca-ba funi nina-’umi-qa kassu-ru -ji’a majja raqa.

Help-nmnnominaliser fut;negfuture negative for-something-gengenitive trade-gergerund-not here obviously.

The helper will obviously not be here for the not buying of something.

The assistant was clearly not here to buy anything.

Fillira kalusama majja ra’u?

.F;Lr / kWsm / m;j / ru.

filli-ra kalu-sama majja ra’u?

2intsecond person intransitive-two ablablative-what here prs;stapresent stative?

You two are here from what?

What are you two doing here?

Pi’adu ’icipu mari dissutihura.

.PaE / iCo / mR / D;zTVr.

Pi’adu ’i-cipu mari dissu-tihura.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ speak-ask this feel-astonishment.

Piadû spoke this feeling astonished.

Piado asked, astonished.

Kasi ra’u kalupa’abatudisi, gusu, Laruni ’itamu.

.kS / ru / kWpabeDS , %z , lwN / itU .

kasi ra’u kalu-pa-’a-batu-disi, gusu, Laruni ’i-tamu.

That prs;stapresent stative ablablative-think-nmnnominaliser-group-3ani;genanimate third person genitive, person, TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ speak-reply.

That was her group of thoughts, person, Lharen said in reply.

It’s her idea, sir, Lharen answered.

Ra’u pali fu kulillu ritada rusa tucinaci pu’i.

.ru / pL / v / $L;W / Rtd / ws / eCnC / oi.

ra’u pa-li fu kuli -illu ritada rusa tucinaci pu’i.

Prs;sta think-comcomplementiser 2trasecond person transitive meet-psvpassive fate pst;gnopast gnomic somewhat incredulous.

She somewhat thinks that she was fated until now to meet you, and I find it hard to believe.

She’s got this idea that meeting you was fated or something.

Kasi ji pa’illu, Kurila mukicukka.

.kS / J / pi;W , $Rl / UKy;k .

kasi ji pa -’illu, Kurila mu-kicu -kka.

That prs;negpresent negative think-psvpassive, CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ good-truth-abvablative promotion.

That is not thought, Qōla made (her) correct.

It’s not fate, Corla corrected her.

ʔusu pakicu li xiku puttu niXaladi majja la’illu rixi hu pa harufilli nagi tucinaci.

.uz / pKy / L / X$ / o;e / NxlD / m;j / li;W / RX / V / p / hwF;L / nG / eCnC.

’usu pa-kicu li xiku puttu ni-Xaladi majja la -’illu rixi hu pa haru-filli nagi tucinaci.

1intfirst person intransitive think-true comcomplementiser relrelativiser 1ablablative at-TZ:/ʒa.ˈlat/ here do-psvpassive must fut;itr 3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive with-2intsecond person intransitive fut;stafuture stative somewhat.

I somewhat believe that what must be done by me in Zhalad here will be with you.

I just know that what I need to do here, on Zhalad, is something to do with you.

Kica?

.Kc.

kica?

Pardon?

Check is true?

What?

Suma puttu kutujatihu ga’illu dumi.

.zm / o;e / $ejTV / gi;W / EM .

suma puttu ku-tuja-tihu ga -’illu dumi.

1tra 1abl datdative-place-abide put-psvpassive try.

I (am) trying to be put at (my) abode by me.

I’m trying to get home.

Xiku ’usu nimajja pi tujali’aba, ’usu nakaru nipa lahifami rixi bixaca.

.X$ / uz / Nm;j / P / ejLab , uz / nkw / Np / lHfM / RX / Bxc .

xiku ’usu ni-majja pi tuja-li-’aba, ’usu nagari ni-pa la-hifa-mi rixi bixaca.

Rel 1intfirst person intransitive at-here pst;stapast stative place-other-every, 1intfirst person intransitive fut;stafuture stative-trmterminative at-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive do-task-some must experience.

Every other place where I am here, I will probably have completed some task at it.

Every other place I’ve been, it seems that I need to complete some task.

ʔusu li filli ju’ibassa ra’u piba ma’ilu.

.uz / L / F;L / Yib;s / ru / Pb / miW.

’usu li filli ju’i-bassa ra’u piba ma-’ilu.

1intfirst person intransitive comcomplementiser 2intsecond person intransitive link-situation prs;stapresent stative most think-heart.

I feel the most that you are linked to that situation.

I have the strongest feeling that you’re involved.

Sumapa ninakasi sulla nufira?

.zmp / NnkS / z;l / IFr .

suma-pa nina-kasi sulla nufira?

1intfirst person intransitive-3rdthird person for-that do_what want?

(You) want me and her to do what for that?

What do you want us to do about it?

Pi’adu ji xihataji’a.

.PaE / J / XhtJa.

Pi’adu ji xi-hata -ji’a.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ prs;negpresent negative project-concern-not.

Piadû doesn’t seem concerned.

Piado seemed uninterested.

Nuli ’usu harufilli janni ruku funi.

.IL / uz / hwF;L / j;N / w$ / vN .

nu-li ’usu haru-filli janni ruku funi.

Stop-comcomplementiser 1intfirst person intransitive with-2intsecond person intransitive move fut;gnofuture gnomic fut;negfuture negative.

Don’t stop me moving with you from now.

Take me with you.

ʔusu ji kulahiputiru dissutti.

.uz / J / $lHoTw / D;zz;T.

’usu ji ku-la-hiputi-ru dissu-sutti.

1intfirst person intransitive prs;negpresent negative datdative-do-work-gergerund feel-fear.

I do not feel fear at doing a job.

I am not afraid of work.

Filli ji ’usa tupi.

.F;L / J / us / eP .

filli ji ’usa tupi.

2intsecond person intransitive prs;negpresent negative see respectfully.

With respect, you can’t see.

With all due respect, you’re blind.

Filli kalusullaru lanu hu’usupa mudallijillu lanu?

.F;L / kWz;lw / lI / Vuzp / Ud;LJ;W / lI .

filli kalu-sulla-ru lanu hu-’usu-pa mu-dalliji -illu lanu?

2intsecond person intransitive ablablative-do_what-gergerund fut;dynfuture dynamic for-1intfirst person intransitive-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive good-use-psvpassive fut;dynfuture dynamic?

From the doing of what will you become useful for us?

What use could you be to us?

ʔusu pi kal·li kumajja gifilli qixa lapaddi.

.uz / P / kWL / $m;j / GF;L / Qx / lp;D .

’usu pi kalu-li ku-majja gi-filli qixa la-paddi.

1intfirst person intransitive pst;stapast stative ablablative-comcomplementiser datdative-here put-2intsecond person intransitive pst;dynpast dynamic do-charity.

I have done charity by putting you here.

I did my charity by bringing you here.

ʔadi rukaru.

.aD / wkw.

’adi rusa-karu.

Near pst;gnopast gnomic-trmterminative.

I completed (this) nearby.

Now, I’m done.

Turassi dasad·disiqa kiru cikki.

.er;S / dsdDSq / Kw / C;K .

Turassi dasa-da-disi-qa ki-ru cikki.

KF:/tr̩ʃ/ zeal-negative_aspect-3ani;genanimate third person genitive-gengenitive big-gergerund feel.

Tŗsh feels the growth of his anger.

Toresh could feel his temper growing.

Jannicijukka fippaqa disi hi.

.j;NCY;k / F;pq / DS / H .

janni-ciju -kka fippa-qa disi hi.

Move-tug-ablablative sleeve-gengenitive 3ani;genanimate third person genitive shirt.

(She) tugs the sleeve of his shirt.

She tugged at his sleeve.

Hira, sabba, fu dissu’anukka su’a nagi.

.Hr , s;b , v / D;zaI;k / za / nG .

hira, sabba, fu dissu-’anu -kka su’a nagi.

Please, father, 2trasecond person transitive feel-balance-abvablative promotion self fut;stafuture stative.

Please, father, make yourself feel balanced.

Please, father, calm yourself.

ʔusu pafaru li ’usufu papifa ’amilarudisi fuca ra’u.

.uz / pfw / L / uzv / pPf / aMlwDS / vc / ru .

’usu pa-faru li ’usu-fu pa-pifa ’amila-ru-disi fuca ra’u.

1intfirst person intransitive think-sure comcomplementiser 1intfirst person intransitive-2ndsecond person think-make do_something-gergerund-3ani;genanimate third person genitive can prs;stapresent stative.

I am certain that you and I can make up her doing of something.

I’m sure we can find something for her to do.

Kassumiqa ’i’illu ji qira.

.k;zMq / ii;W / J / Qr.

kassu-mi-qa ’i -’illu ji qira.

Buy-nmnnominaliser-gengenitive speak-psvpassive prs;negpresent negative difficult.

Speaking to traders is not difficult.

It’s not that difficult to talk to customers.

Kurila lanu ’ini.

.$Rl / lI / iN .

Kurila lanu ’i-ni.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ fut;dynfuture dynamic speak-begin.

Qōla will begin to speak.

Corla spoke up.

ʔusu taku kukassumi kalisa da’aru ’ili.

.uz / t$ / >k;zM / kLs / daw / iL .

’usu taku ku-kassu-mi kalisa da’aru ’ili.

1intfirst person intransitive pst;itr datdative-trade-nmnnominaliser do_that experience actually.

I have actually experienced doing that to traders.

I do actually have customer experience.

ʔusu kalumari sufilli mu tasi, filli ji cikkinada nubitu’afuri.

.uz / kWmR / zF;L / U / tS , F;L / J / C;Knd / IBeavR .

’usu kalu-mari su-filli mu tasi, filli ji cikki-nada naqi-tu’afu-ri.

1intfirst person intransitive ablablative-this over-2intsecond person intransitive good may, 2intsecond person intransitive prs;negpresent negative sense-emotional_plane land-plain-nmnnominaliser.

I may be better than you from this, you do not emotionally sense plains-people.

I may even have a slight advantage; you can’t sense flatlander emotions.

ʔusu ra’u hiru.

.uz / ru / Hw .

’usu ra’u hiru.

1intfirst person intransitive prs;stapresent stative though.

I do though.

I can.

Ta, kalutajihupagu cikkituci lisina.

.t , kWtJVp% / C;KeC / LSn.

ta, kalu-tajihu-pagu cikki-tuci lisina.

Well, ablablative-ability-1genfirst person genitive sense-half_do expected.

Well, I assume I’ll half-sense from my ability.

Well, at least, my abilities should be able to pick up something.

Pi’adu ’ifuhhanaku xani.

.PaE / iv;hn$ / xN .

Pi’adu ’i-fuhha-naku xani.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ speak-decision-together unwillingly.

Piadû unwillingly agreed.

Piado capitulated.

Ruku mu.

.w$ / U .

ruku mu.

Fut;gno good.

It will be good.

Fine.

Ba’u dalliji hu, surra filli haru’usupa tihu mica.

.bu / d;LJ / V , z;r / F;L / hwuzp / TV / Mc .

ba’u dalliji hu, surra filli haru-’usu-pa tihu mica.

2datsecond person dative usefulness fut;itr, when 2intsecond person intransitive with-1intfirst person intransitive-3rdthird person abide allowed.

When you have a use, you may abide with me and her.

Make yourself useful and you can stay with us.

Tisakaqa pacadu paqacca li filli ’amila nagi maqa, kutujatihu ga ’usufupa.

.Tskq / pcE / pq;c / L / F;L / aMl / nG / mq , $ejTV / g / uzvp.

tisaka-qa pacadu pa-qacca li filli ’amila nagi ma-qa, ku-tuja-tihu ga ’usu-fu-pa.

Town-gengenitive council think-decision comcomplementiser 2intsecond person intransitive do_something fut;stafuture stative when-after, datdative-place-abide put 1intfirst person intransitive-2ndsecond person-3rdthird person.

The council of the town thinks about deciding what you will do, when we all get home.

The village council can decide what to do with you when we get home.

Laruni capi’·’uja ganiga Kurila pada, xidu janni.

.lwN / cPiuj / gNg / $Rl / pd , XE / j;N.

Laruni capi-’i’uja ga-niga Kurila pada, xidu janni.

TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ behind-table put-guide CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ and_then, far move.

Lharen put Corla behind the market table by guiding, and then moved far away.

Lharen guided Corla behind the market table, and then took her leave.

Cahuriqapi rakaru raqa rika, Turassi sabbata kutujaramirra jannulukka Kurila su’arata cani.

.cVRqP / rkw / rq / Rk , er;S / s;bt / $ejrM;r / j;NVW;k / >Rl / zart / cN .

cahuri-qapi ra-karu raqa rika, Turassi sabba-ta ku-tuja-rami -rra janni -ulu -kka Kurila su’a-ra-ta cani.

Stall-chain fut;stafuture stative-trmterminative clear and_thus, KF:/tr̩ʃ/ father-and datdative-place-bed-nmnnominaliser move-undo-ablablative CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ self-two-and prs;dynpresent dynamic.

The chain of stalls will clearly be ending, and so Tŗsh and the father put themselves and Qōla to the place of guests.

The market was clearly closing, so Toresh and her father went back to the hotel, taking Corla with them.

Kurila kaluLaruni satadiru gikassu si’apasu’a qu, nagi nitujaram·marika, kalumixi saki dihhalumi.

.$Rl / kWlwN / stDw / Gk;z / Sapza / A , nG / NejrMmRk , kWMX / sK / D;hWM.

Kurila kalu-:Laruni sata-diru gi-kassu si’apa-su’a qu, nagi ni-tuja-rami-marika, kalu-mixi saki dihha -lumi.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ ablablative-TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ for-money get-trade meal-self and, fut;stafuture stative in-place-bed-this_state, ablablative-room share other_people-several.

Qōla got her own meal through trade using money from Lharen, and will be in this kind of bed-place, (she) shares from the room to several others.

Corla used some money she had gained from Lharen to pay for her own dinner, and found herself in the bunkhouse, where she had to share lodgings with a few other people.

Turassi pi ’adikumihu janni musara xima qu, cani nisi’apa gaquhu, lanu bipa niLusubi kucahuriqa bijaju musa.

.er;S / P / aD$MV / j;N / Usr / Xm / A , cN / NSap / gAV , lI / Bp / NWzB / >cVRq / BjY / Us.

Turassi pi ’adi-ku-mihu janni musa-ra xima qu, cani ni-si’apa ga-quhu, lanu bi-pa ni-Lusubi ku-cahuri-qa bijju musa.

KF:/tr̩ʃ;/ pst;stapast stative near-datdative-3ani;intanimate third person intransitive move day-two morning and, prs;dynpresent dynamic at-meal put-3ani;traanimate third person transitive, fut;dynfuture dynamic from-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive in-TZ:/ˈluː.soβ;/ datdative-stall-gengenitive first day.

Tŗsh moved to near her tomorrow, and put her at the meal, (she) will be from it to the first day of the stalls in Lūsob.

Toresh came around the next morning to take her to breakfast, and thence to her first day in the Lusov markets.

Kurila pi cikkixi ’adisu’a kuruci qaxatu’i fati, mari parasi, kassumisama nagi lamadusi nuki lakadusi, kukuffaruqa dir·raqi mafatti’ika qu, qacca mahakassuru.

.$Rl / P / C;KX / aDza / >wC / qxei / fT , mR / prS , k;zMsm / nG / lmES / IK / lkES , >>;fwq / DwrQ / mf;Tik / A , q;c / mhk;zw .

Kurila pi cikki-xi ’adi-su’a ku-ruci qaxa -tu’i fati, mari pa-rasi, kassu-mi-sama nagi la-madusi nuki la-kadusi, ku-kuffa-ru-qa diru -raqi ma-fatti -ka qu, qacca maha-kassu-ru.

CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə;/ pst;stapast stative hear-project near-3top datdative-mental_plane hope-positive enough_to, this think-future, trade-nmnnominaliser-what fut;stafuture stative do-this_manner or do-that_manner, datdative-give-gergerund-gengenitive money-more think-good_idea-abvablative promotion and, choose swap-trade-gergerund.

Qōla hoped she was listening to projections in the mental plane near herself enough to predict this: which traders will be doing this or doing that: being persuaded to think the giving of more money is a good idea, and which choose to swap.

As she had hoped, Corla got enough impressions from the swirling thoughts around her to be able to predict which customers could be persuaded to part with more currency, and which would be happier to barter.

Pi’adu dissutarratu’i macu qu, tuca ra’u cikki, hari ji papa xu.

.PaE / D;zt;rei / my / A , ec / ru / C;K , hR / J / pp / Z .

Pi’adu dissu-tarra -tu’i macu qu, tu-ca ra’u cikki, hari ji pa-pa xu.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ feel-impression-positive unexpected and, offspring-only prs;stapresent stative hear, voice prs;negpresent negative about-3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive project.

Piadû unexpectedly had a good impression, and only (his) offspring could sense it, (his) voice is not projecting about this.

Even Piado was impressed, although only his daughter could tell; he did not let it show in his voice.

Quhu kudiru ’assija purakassu’ika batusu’a na, daru’i na kikamusa tuhipacca naru.

.AV / $Dw / a;sSj / ork;zik / beza / n , dwi / n / KkUs / eHp;c / nw .

quhu ku-diru ’assa -sija pura-kassu -ka batu-su’a na, daru’i na kika-musa tuhi-pacca naru.

3ani;traanimate third person transitive datdative-money goods-or change-trade-abvablative promotion store-3top;genthird person topic genitive prs;itr, because 3prs;itr over-day small-number slow.

Because someone changed their stores into money or goods by trading them, their stores slowly became small in number during the day.

Slowly through the day, their stores diminished as they were bought or traded for.

ʔumi ruku lakassu kikamusalumi qu, Pi’adu paqacca li pura tanali musara lanu.

.uM / w$ / lk;z / KkUsWM / A , PaE / pq;c / L / or / tnL / Usr / lI .

’umi ruku la-kassu kika-musa -lumi qu, Pi’adu pa-qacca li pura tana-li musa-ra lanu.

Something fut;gnofuture gnomic do-trade over-day-several and, KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ/ think-decision comcomplementiser become exist-not day-two fut;dynfuture dynamic.

Someone will be doing trade over several days, and Piadû decides that it will become something that does not exist tomorrow.

The market went on for a couple of days yet, but Piado figured that tomorrow would see them finished.

Kalumari dissu’ahatikkilu, ra’u kalunubitu’afuri qidixxinaci qu, kassi na qinaranada da’aru.

.kWmR / D;zahT;kAW , ru / kWIBeavR / QD;XnC / A , k;S / n / Qnrnd / daw .

kalu-mari dissu-’ahati -kka -ilu, ra’u kalu-:naqi-tu’afu-ri qi-dixxi -naci qu, kassi na qi-nara-nada da’aru.

Abl-this feel-happiness-abvablative promotion-psvpassive; prs;stapresent stative ablablative-land-plain-nmnnominaliser experience-toleration-somewhat and, 3ani;ablablative prs;itr experience-sleep-emotional_plane happened.

(He) feels happiness from this, (he) experiences some toleration for the people of the plains, and experiences of emotional tiredness happen.

He was glad; he didn’t mind the flatlanders on occasion, but it was very easy to become tired of them.

Kalucagaqa ’ikka pahapakuda ca’alla ga’·’aba.

.kWcgq / i;k / phPi$d / ca;l / giab .

kalu-caga-qa ’i -kka pa-hapi -aku-da ca’alla ga’i-’aba.

Abl-mouth-gengenitive speak-abvablative promotion think-concentration-aug-negative need occasion-everything.

Because of speaking from the mouth, on every occasion (he) must concentrate a lot.

He always needed to concentrate more, trying to communicate in words.

Pali Kurila la ’inagidisi pa na li mari rikka kasi ra’uta rippa.

.pL / $Rl / l / inGDS / p / n / L / mR / R;k / kS / rut / R;p.

pa-li Kurila la ’i-nagi-disi pa na li mari ri -kka kasi ra’u-ta rippa.

Think-comcomplementiser CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ do speak-promise-3ani;genanimate third person genitive 3ina;intinanimate third person intransitive prs;itr comcomplementiser this easy-ablablative that prs;stapresent stative-and surprise.

(He) thought in surprise that Qōla is doing the thing she promised and that this makes that easy.

Still, he reflected, Corla seems to be doing what she promised. That does make it slightly easier.

Pi’adu qixa nara maqa, Turassi capi jikaru haruKurila hacci dumi haru, nirafiki dasini cijja ra’u.

.Pi’adu qixa nara ma-qa, Turassi capi ji-karu haru-Kurila hacci dumi haru, ni-rafiki dasi-ini cijja ra’u.

Pi’adu qixa nara ma-qa, Turassi capi ji-karu haru-Kurila hacci dumi haru, ni-rafiki dasi -ini cijja ra’u.

KF:/pʰɪ.ˈa.dɯ;/ pst;dynpast dynamic sleep when-down, KF:/tr̩ʃ/ behind prs;negpresent negative-trmterminative with-CT:/ˈǂʰɔː.lə/ wake night with, at-bar consume-dim alcohol prs;stapresent stative.

After Piadû went to sleep, later Tŗsh was not stopping being awake with Corla, while having small drinks of alcohol.

Later that evening, when Piado had gone to bed, the two women remained awake, sipping their drinks in the bar.

Pa’usa li Laruni nigurrisulukku gupitiba nagi rika, kalu’ihusubi janni mihu.

.Pa-’usa li Laruni ni-gurrisu-lukku gupi-tiba nagi rika, kalu-’i-husubi janni mihu.

pa-’usa li Laruni ni-gurrisu-lukku gupi-tiba nagi rika, kalu-’i-husabi janni mihu.

Think-look comcomplementiser TZ:/ˈɬær.ən/ at-door-wall stay-legs fut;stafuture stative and_thus, ablablative-speak-finger move 3ani;intanimate third person intransitive.

(She) thought by seeing that Lharen will be standing at the wall-door, and so (she) moved her with finger-speech.

Toresh noticed Lharen standing in the doorway, and motioned her over.